They accept that the first four caliphs were the true successors to Muhammad. Shiite Muslims believe that only the caliph Ali and his descendants are the real successors to Muhammad. They deny the legitimacy of the first three caliphs. Other, smaller Muslim denominations within the Sunni and Shiite groups exist.
Some of these include:. It contains some basic information that is found in the Hebrew Bible as well as revelations that were given to Muhammad.
The text is considered the sacred word of God and supercedes any previous writings. Muhammad himself was never taught to read or write. The book is written with Allah as the first person, speaking through Gabriel to Muhammad. It contains chapters, which are called surahs. The Islamic calendar, also called the Hijra calendar, is a lunar calendar used in Islamic religious worship.
The calendar began in the year A. The Islamic calendar indicates the proper days of Islamic holidays and celebrations, including the period of fasting and prayer known as Ramadan , which occurs during the ninth month of the calendar.
As in many religions, there is no single image or symbol of Islam that is universally accepted by all Muslims worldwide. The crescent moon and star has been adopted in some predominantly Muslim countries as a symbol of Islam, though the crescent moon and star image is believed to pre-date Islam and was originally a symbol of the Ottoman Empire.
In some other applications, such as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent humanitarian aid movement, a red crescent indicates that followers of Islam are respected and treated accordingly.
The color green is also sometimes associated with Islam, as it was reportedly a favorite color of Muhammad's and is often featured prominently in the flags of predominantly Muslim countries. This faith-based code of conduct directs Muslims on how they should live in nearly every aspect of their lives. Sharia law requires men and women to dress modestly. It also outlines marriage guidelines and other moral principles for Muslims.
If crimes are committed, Sharia law is known for its harsh punishments. Adultery can carry the penalty of death by stoning. However, many Muslims do not support such extreme measures.
The prophet Muhammad is credited with building the first mosque in the courtyard of his house in Medina. Mosques today follow some of the same principles he established in A. Muslim prayer is often conducted in a mosque's large open space or outdoor courtyard.
A mihrab is a decorative feature or niche in the mosque that indicates the direction to Mecca, and therefore the direction to face during prayer.
Men and women pray separately, and Muslims may visit a mosque five times a day for each of the prayer sessions. In addition to hosting prayers, mosques often function as public gathering places and social centers. While some Muslims use their faith to justify terrorism, the vast majority do not. In fact, Muslims are frequently victims of violence themselves. Recent surveys have found that in countries with high Muslim populations, the majority of Muslims have overwhelmingly negative views of terrorist groups like ISIS.
While Muslims aim to clear up misconceptions about their faith, the religion continues to spread rapidly. Experts predict Islam will surpass Christianity as the largest religion by the end of the century. Islam, BBC. What is Sharia Law and How is it Applied? Here in these lands, Islam fostered the development of a religious, political, and cultural commonwealth and the creation of a global empire. Thus, calligraphy started to gain prominence, becoming essential also to Islamic ornament.
The early structure, known as the hypostyle mosque, included a columned hall oriented toward Mecca and an adjacent courtyard surrounded by a colonnade.
The call to prayer was given from a rooftop later the minaret was developed for this purpose. Essential elements of the mosque were a minbar pulpit for the Friday sermon and a mihrab prayer niche set in the wall oriented toward Mecca.
Yalman, Suzan. Based on original work by Linda Komaroff. Grabar, Oleg. So too, with the God of Muhammad. At the end of the world, God would act as a God of justice.
God would then reward or punish each person in the gardens of paradise or the fires of hell according to their deeds. Each would be presented with a record of his deeds — in the right hand for those to be saved, in the left for those to be damned to the fires of hell.
For those who were saved, the delights of paradise awaited. Those who died in the cause of Allah, however, did not need to wait for the Last Judgment. They would go straight to heaven. Further reading: Paris attacks — why Islam and Christianity are twin religions of war and peace.
Like the God of Moses, Allah was a lawmaker. The Quran provided often varied guidance to the believing community in matters of marriage and family law, women, inheritance, food and drink, worship and purity, warfare, punishments for adultery and false accusations of adultery, alcohol and theft. In short, it provided the foundation of what was later to be much elaborated in sharia law. Muslims, Christians and Jews do all worship the same complex God.
Yet, in spite of this, all believe that their religion contains the full and final revelation of the same God. Here is the origin of their unity. Here also lies the cause of their division.
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